Esa es la cantidad media de microplásticos que ingerimos anualmente, según un estudio publicado esta semana en la revista especializada Environment, Science and Tecnology.
Tras evaluar aproximadamente el 15% de la ingesta calórica de los estadounidenses, se estima que el consumo anual de microplásticos puede variar entre las 39.000 y las 52.000 partículas según la edad y el sexo. Entre los alimentos estudiados se encuentran varios mariscos entre los que se incluyen bivalvos y crustáceos; peces; productos como miel, sal y azúcar, y líquidos como la cerveza y el agua. Según declaraciones del director del estudio, el biólogo de la Universidad de Victoria, Kieran D. Cox, estas estimaciones aumentan a entre 74.000 y 121.000 partículas cuando se considera la inhalación (¡respiramos plástico!). Además, las personas que beben habitualmente agua embotellada pueden ingerir 90.000 partículas de microplástico adicionales al año, en comparación con las 4.000 que ingieren quienes sólo consumen agua del grifo.
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Por supuesto esta estimación está sujeta a variaciones en función de la dieta; sin embargo, dadas las limitaciones en la metodología utilizada durante el estudio y en los datos disponibles, estos valores probablemente estén subestimados, por lo que harán falta aún más estudios para determinar de manera exacta el plástico que podemos llegar a ingerir en nuestro día a día.
Estas partículas de plástico provienen principalmente de la desintegración de residuos plásticos mayores, y se encuentran ya hasta en los rincones más remotos de nuestro planeta, desde la cima del Everest hasta la fosa de las Marianas. Investigaciones han encontrado microplásticos en todos los ecosistemas estudiados: en el aire, en la tierra, en los ríos y, por supuesto, en los océanos, en los que suponen una de las mayores amenazas ambientales que enfrentamos.
Desconocemos aún el impacto que estos microplásticos, que pueden liberar sustancias tóxicas y cuyo tamaño es tan pequeño que pueden incluso penetrar en los tejidos y desencadenar reacciones inmunológicas, tendrán sobre nuestra salud. Lo que sí queda cada vez más claro es que suponen un gravísimo problema medioambiental y de salud pública que debemos atajar cuanto antes.
Fuente: National Geographic.
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